When the rays of enlightenment first fell upon ancient Greece - the intellectual foundation of western civilization - a path was shown from the shadows of ignorance and superstition. But those shadows returned to eclipse that fragile light, leaving only a hidden legacy of knowledge. Europe slept for centuries before this classical treasure was rediscovered.

The medieval era was a time when Europe mostly forgot how to remember what it had learned before. Fortunately, that intellectual heritage was preserved by muslim scholars who never lost their profound admiration for the great minds of classical antiquity; the ancient books, after a thousand-year journey through the Islamic world, eventually found their way again into European hands. In the ages that followed - Renaissance, Reformation, and the Age of Reason (or Enlightenment) - those ancient descriptions of science and philosophy slowly evolved into an idea more powerful than monarchs or nations: modern liberalism.

In three paroxysms of reform, the social revolutions in Britain, France, and America (symbolized here by the red, blue, and white gown - echoing the coloration of the flags of these three nations), released political, scientific, and, eventually, social liberty (the dove) into the light. And yet, even though this liberty has given the West unprecedented freedom and prosperity, genuine enlightenment remains elusive. We yet long for the wisdom that so inscrutably escapes us, and are neither satisfied nor content. Why not?

As the enlightenment (the philosophy that human endeavor should be subject only to a guiding prinicple of logic and reason, and not to any irrational superstition) continues to drive society’s evolution, we grow increasingly overwhelmed by the bewildering complexities of a perpetually changing world. 20th century modernism has created a society that depends for its existence upon hyper-accelerated growth and development - the commerical imperative of relentless material acqisition . We are instructed - from cradle to grave, in ways obvious and covert - that we can never have enough of our own product and so must possess the newest incarnation of every conceivable object and experience. This is the lure - and snare - of modernity. But perhaps we sometimes seek the safe and simple comfort of things known and familiar, like the woman (a manifestation, or angel, of civilization) who is leaning to the right upon the stable edifice of history. Even while she reaches for the liberalising light of the left, she rests upon conservative tradition and the past.

This painting depicts what we all hope is the endeavor of civilization: the human quest for wisdom. It seems that whether we design our social and political structures to the ethereal and subjective left or the material and objective right makes no difference. Societies can be dynamic, constantly redefining themselves in the pursuit of some idealistically defined objective; or static, relying on the well-established precedence of history. Either way, people don’t change much: we feel joy and misery, hope and despair, just as people did 500 - or 5000 - years ago. It is, apparently, easier to reinvent society, than ourselves.

In Raphael’s great painting, “The School of Athens”, we see timeless illustration of the problem. Plato, full of idealistic fervour, gestures heavenward: “The proper aim of all thought is upon the eternal forms of divine mind”. The pragmatic, moderating hand of Aristotle, however, gestures toward the earth: “The proper aim of all action is the here and now.” Idealists, like the cleansing forest fire, clear away the corruption and decay of old growth; but builders, like all new growth, are always fixed upon the practical matters of immediate need. How can either way be the only path? It seems the debate - Plato’s hand or Aristotle’s - will remain with us for some great time.

Until individuals, and not just the society around them, change in some fundamental, perhaps biological, way, the realization of our aspirations will never be found in this or that administrative mechanism. Some believe in strength and fear the failure of weakness; some belive in compassion and fear the failure of cruelty. But every child understands that 2 parents, providing both strength and compassion, provide the greatest benefit. And so, we shall always be in partial darkness, and lost in our own ignorance (the mist), until we abandon the comfortable security of invariance, and venture alone through the shadowy labyrinth of the forest darkness - our own unknown and unrealized potential. Enlightenment is not found left or right, but at a distant place, through and beyond the wilderness...